COVID-19 is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus from the coronavirus family. The primary ways the virus spreads are:
COVID-19 is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus from the coronavirus family. The primary ways the virus spreads are:
- Person-to-Person Transmission:
- Airborne droplets: The virus is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people nearby or be inhaled into the lungs.
- Aerosols: In certain enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces, smaller particles (aerosols) can linger in the air for a longer period, making the virus more likely to spread.
- Surface Transmission (Fomite Transmission):
- The virus can survive on surfaces for varying periods, and if someone touches a contaminated surface and then touches their face, eyes, nose, or mouth, they may become infected.
- Close Contact:
- Close contact with an infected person (within 6 feet) increases the risk of transmission, especially in situations without proper protective measures (e.g., wearing masks or maintaining physical distance).
- Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Spread:
- People who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 may not show symptoms but can still spread the virus, often before they even realize they are infected. This makes it challenging to control the spread.
Symptoms of COVID-19
COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild to severe and can appear anywhere from 2 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. Common symptoms include:
- Fever or chills
- Cough
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Fatigue
- Muscle or body aches
- Headache
- New loss of taste or smell
- Sore throat
- Congestion or runny nose
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
In severe cases, COVID-19 can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and multi-organ failure. Some people, especially those with underlying health conditions, may develop severe complications.
